Uninterrupted non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants during implantation of cardiac implantable electronic devices in patients with atrial fibrillation

Background: For patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) receiving cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) implantations, current consensus recommends uninterrupted non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant (NOAC) considering low incidence of bleeding or thrombo-embolic events. It remains unknown whether uninterrupted strategy outweighs discontinuation method for patients receiving NOAC. Methods: From January 1, 2013 to June 1, 2017, we enrolled 100 patients (mean age 78.3 10.2 years, 58% male) with AF taking NOAC for stroke prevention eligible for CIED implantation in a tertiary medical center, Taipei, Taiwan. NOAC was continued without skipping any doses during the surgery. The baseline characteristics, underlying diseases, CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc score, and clinical course of every patient were reviewed and analyzed. Results: Among these patients, 28 were on dabigatran, 61 on rivaroxaban, 10 on apixaban, and one on edoxaban, respectively. There were no adverse events except one case of pericardial effusion and another one with large pocket hematoma. One patient receiving implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation had late onset of pericardial effusion with impending tamponade necessitating pericardiocentesis. Another patient had large pocket hematoma, which spontaneously resolved within 1 month without further intervention. No periprocedural mortality and stroke occurred. Conclusion: Uninterrupted NOAC during CIED implantations may be an acceptable option especially in patients with high risk for thromboembolism. However, special caution should be paid during defibrillator implantation considering relatively higher risk of bleeding, perhaps due to the larger size of the defibrillator lead.