Treatment of early onset scoliosis. How far can we go?

Background. Recently, inconsistent definitions of early onset scoliosis (EOS) and a wide variety of treatment options have been observed. Objectives. To clearly define the term EOS, to depict non-operative and operative treatment options, and to present the limitations of the boundaries of these techniques. Methods. Review of the literature, including conference presentations and expert opinions, in addition to personal experiences. Results. Early onset scoliosis (EOS) refers to spine deformity that is present before 10 years of age, regardless of etiology. All existing operative treatment options share a high risk of complications. Therefore, non-operative treatment should act as a time-buying approach to postpone surgery. Discussion. Awareness of treatment options and their specific indications, in addition to respecting each patient's individual needs and feasibilities, are crucial for the optimal outcome.