An integrative framework for the assimilation of enterprise resource planning systems: Phases, antecedents, and outcomes

Many organizations are in the process of assimilating Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems. While traditional ERP systems integrated core business processes, the new generation ERP systems also have the potential to link suppliers, customers, and business partners, to integrate value chain activities. Despite this, the critical success factors for ERP assimilation identified in the past literature do not focus on external factors including the possible role of external stakeholders in ERP assimilation. If case studies are any indication of the outcomes in ERP investment, insights already suggest that many attempts have not delivered the expected benefits, have failed completely, or will have high probability of failure. In light of the new found scope of modem ERP systems and disappointing assimilation reports, this paper proposes an integrative framework that may enhance chances for successful assimilation of ERP in organizations. The framework identifies the phases, antecedents (technology and business, internal and external), and outcomes as they relate to ERP assimilation. The key contribution of the paper lies in synthesizing and extending ERP assimilation literature by addressing the role of critical external antecedents in different phases of the assimilation process. Implications of our framework are outlined to guide future practice and research.