Recent Advances in Our Understanding of the Environmental, Epidemiological, Immunological, and Clinical Dimensions of Coccidioidomycosis

被引:176
作者
Nguyen, Chinh [1 ]
Barker, Bridget Marie [2 ]
Hoover, Susan [3 ,4 ]
Nix, David E. [4 ,6 ]
Ampel, Neil M. [1 ,3 ,4 ]
Frelinger, Jeffrey A. [5 ]
Orbach, Marc J. [4 ,7 ]
Galgiani, John N. [3 ,4 ]
机构
[1] Southern Arizona Vet Affairs Hlth Care Syst, Tucson, AZ USA
[2] Montana State Univ, Dept Immunol & Infect Dis, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA
[3] Univ Arizona, Coll Med, Dept Med, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
[4] Univ Arizona, Coll Med, Valley Fever Ctr Excellence, Tucson, AZ USA
[5] Univ Arizona, Coll Med, Dept Immunobiol, Tucson, AZ USA
[6] Univ Arizona, Coll Med, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharm Practice & Sci, Tucson, AZ USA
[7] Univ Arizona, Sch Plant Sci, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Tucson, AZ USA
关键词
RECONSTITUTION INFLAMMATORY SYNDROME; DELAYED-TYPE HYPERSENSITIVITY; LIVER-TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS; INVASIVE FUNGAL-INFECTIONS; VACCINE-INDUCED PROTECTION; BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; VALLEY FEVER INCIDENCE; NIKKOMYCIN-Z; KERN COUNTY; NONMENINGEAL COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS;
D O I
10.1128/CMR.00005-13
中图分类号
Q93 [微生物学];
学科分类号
071005 ; 100705 ;
摘要
Coccidioidomycosis is the endemic mycosis caused by the fungal pathogens Coccidioides immitis and C. posadasii. This review is a summary of the recent advances that have been made in the understanding of this pathogen, including its mycology, genetics, and niche in the environment. Updates on the epidemiology of the organism emphasize that it is a continuing, significant problem in areas of endemicity. For a variety of reasons, the number of reported coccidioidal infections has increased dramatically over the past decade. While continual improvements in the fields of organ transplantation and management of autoimmune disorders and patients with HIV have led to dilemmas with concurrent infection with coccidioidomycosis, they have also led to advances in the understanding of the human immune response to infection. There have been some advances in therapeutics with the increased use of newer azoles. Lastly, there is an overview of the ongoing search for a preventative vaccine.
引用
收藏
页码:505 / 525
页数:21
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