Incidence, Clinical Course, and Predictors of Prolonged Recovery Time Following Sport-Related Concussion in High School and College Athletes

被引:321
作者
McCrea, Michael [1 ,2 ]
Guskiewicz, Kevin [3 ,4 ,5 ]
Randolph, Christopher [6 ]
Barr, William B. [7 ,8 ]
Hammeke, Thomas A. [9 ]
Marshall, Stephen W. [4 ,5 ,10 ]
Powell, Matthew R. [11 ]
Ahn, Kwang Woo [12 ]
Wang, Yanzhi [12 ]
Kelly, James P. [13 ]
机构
[1] Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Neurosurg, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA
[2] Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Neurol, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA
[3] Univ N Carolina, Dept Exercise & Sport Sci, Chapel Hill, NC USA
[4] Univ N Carolina, Dept Orthoped, Chapel Hill, NC USA
[5] Univ N Carolina, Injury Prevent Res Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC USA
[6] Loyola Univ, Stritch Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Maywood, IL 60153 USA
[7] NYU, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, New York, NY USA
[8] NYU, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY USA
[9] Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Psychiat & Behav Med, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA
[10] Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA
[11] Marshfield Clin Minocqua Ctr, Dept Neuropsychol, Minocqua, WI USA
[12] Med Coll Wisconsin, Div Biostat, Milwaukee, WI USA
[13] US Dept Def, Natl Intrepid Ctr Excellence, Bethesda, MD USA
关键词
Brain injury; Concussion; Neuropsychological tests; Sport injuries; Neurological disorders; Closed head injury; TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; FOOTBALL PLAYERS; INTERNATIONAL-CONFERENCE; NCAA CONCUSSION; UNITED-STATES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; MANAGEMENT; METAANALYSIS; IMPACT;
D O I
10.1017/S1355617712000872
中图分类号
R74 [神经病学与精神病学];
学科分类号
摘要
Sport-related concussion (SRC) is typically followed by clinical recovery within days, but reports of prolonged symptoms are common. We investigated the incidence of prolonged recovery in a large cohort (n = 18,531) of athlete seasons over a 10-year period. A total of 570 athletes with concussion (3.1%) and 166 controls who underwent pre-injury baseline assessments of symptoms, neurocognitive functioning and balance were re-assessed immediately, 3 hr, and 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, and 45 or 90 days after concussion. Concussed athletes were stratified into typical (within 7 days) or prolonged (> 7 days) recovery groups based on symptom recovery time. Ten percent of athletes (n = 57) had a prolonged symptom recovery, which was also associated with lengthier recovery on neurocognitive testing (p < .001). At 45-90 days post-injury, the prolonged recovery group reported elevated symptoms, without deficits on cognitive or balance testing. Prolonged recovery was associated with unconsciousness [odds ratio (OR), 4.15; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.12-8.15], posttraumatic amnesia (OR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.00-3.28), and more severe acute symptoms (p < .0001). These results suggest that a small percentage of athletes may experience symptoms and functional impairments beyond the typical window of recovery after SRC, and that prolonged recovery is associated with acute indicators of more severe injury. (JINS, 2013, 19, 22-33)
引用
收藏
页码:22 / 33
页数:12
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