Hispanic/Latino heritage group disparities in sleep and the sleep-cardiovascular health relationship by housing tenure status in the United States

Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate whether the sleep-cardiovascular health (CVH) association varies by Hispanic/Latino heritage group and housing tenure status (i.e., homeownership, unassisted housing, government-assisted housing), which is an important social determinant of health. Design: Cross-sectional analysis of pooled National Health Interview Survey (2004-2017) data. Setting: United States. Participants: US-born/non-US-born Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Dominican, Central/South American, and US-born non-Hispanic (NH)-white adults. Measurements: Within each housing tenure category, Poisson regressions with robust variance estimated the adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (Gs) of (1) habitual sleep duration (<6-hours, 6-<7-hours, and >9-hours vs. 7-9 hours) and sleep quality for Hispanic/Latino heritage groups compared with NH-whites and (2) ideal CVH for Hispanic/Latino heritage groups within each sleep duration category, separately, compared with NH-whites who reported 7-9 hours sleep duration. Results: Among 283,767 NH-white and Hispanic/Latino adults (mean age=47.0 +/- 0.09 years, 50.1% female), 33% rented housing (4% government-assisted; 29% unassisted), and 67% were homeowners. Compared with their NH-white housing tenure counterparts, only Puerto Rican homeowners were more likely to report <6-hours (PR 1.70 [95% CI: 1.44-2.01]) and 6-<7-hours (PR 1.31 [1.19-1.44]) sleep duration. Overall, Hispanic/Latino heritage groups were either less likely or no more likely to report >9-hours sleep duration and poor sleep quality compared with NH-whites. Disparities in CVH were large between Puerto Rican unassisted renters and homeowners who reported >9-hours of habitual sleep compared with their NH-white housing tenure counterparts who reported 7-9 hours. Conclusions: Hispanic/Latino-white disparities in the sleep-CVH relationship may vary by Hispanic/Latino heritage group and housing tenure. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of National Sleep Foundation.