By grey control system modeling theory and empirical analysis method, this paper analyzes five variables' influence on elastic coefficient of electricity consumption. The variables are electricity consumption, gross domestic product, population scale, and the investment scale of fixed assets and resident's consumption index respectively. Through the optimization of the model, we determine the variation range of the elastic coefficient of China's electricity consumption, this offers scientific basis for the development of power industry and national economy, and for macro- adjustments and controls.