The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs High-resolution optical and near-infrared spectroscopy of 324 survey stars

被引：200

作者：

Reiners, A. ^{[1
]}

Zechmeister, M. ^{[1
]}

Caballero, J. A. ^{[2
,3
]}

Ribas, I ^{[4
]}

Morales, J. C. ^{[4
]}

Jeffers, S., V ^{[1
]}

Schoefer, P. ^{[1
]}

Tal-Or, L. ^{[1
]}

Quirrenbach, A. ^{[3
]}

Amado, P. J. ^{[5
]}

Kaminski, A. ^{[3
]}

Seifert, W. ^{[3
]}

Abril, M. ^{[5
]}

Aceituno, J. ^{[6
]}

Alonso-Floriano, F. J. ^{[8
,13
]}

Ammler-von Eiff, M. ^{[12
,14
]}

Antona, R. ^{[5
]}

Anglada-Escude, G. ^{[5
,15
]}

Anwand-Heerwart, H. ^{[1
]}

Arroyo-Torres, B. ^{[6
]}

Azzaro, M. ^{[6
]}

Baroch, D. ^{[4
]}

Barrado, D. ^{[2
]}

Bauer, F. F. ^{[1
]}

Becerril, S. ^{[5
]}

Bejar, V. J. S. ^{[9
,10
]}

Benitez, D. ^{[6
]}

Berdinas, Z. M. ^{[5
]}

Bergond, G. ^{[6
]}

Bluemcke, M. ^{[12
]}

Brinkmoeller, M. ^{[3
]}

del Burgo, C. ^{[16
]}

Cano, J. ^{[8
]}

Vazquez, M. C. Cardenas ^{[6
,7
]}

Casal, E. ^{[5
]}

Cifuentes, C. ^{[8
]}

Claret, A. ^{[5
]}

Colome, J. ^{[4
]}

Cortes-Contreras, M. ^{[2
,8
]}

Czesla, S. ^{[11
]}

Diez-Alonso, E. ^{[8
]}

Dreizler, S. ^{[1
]}

Feiz, C. ^{[3
]}

Fernandez, M. ^{[5
]}

Ferro, I. M. ^{[5
]}

Fuhrmeister, B. ^{[11
]}

Galadi-Enriquez, D. ^{[6
]}

Garcia-Piquer, A. ^{[4
]}

Garcia Vargas, M. L. ^{[17
]}

Gesa, L. ^{[4
]}

机构：

[1] Georg August Univ, Inst Astrophys, Friedrich Hund Pl 1, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany

[2] CSIC, INTA, Ctr Astrobiol, Ctra Torrejon Ajalvir,Km 4, Madrid 28850, Spain

[3] Heidelberg Univ, Zentrum Astron, Landessternwarte, Konigstuhl 12, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany

[4] CSIC, Inst Ciencies Espai, IEEC, Campus UAB,C Can Magrans S-N, Barcelona 08193, Spain

[5] CSIC, IAA, Glorieta Astron S-N, E-18008 Granada, Spain

[6] CSIC, MPG, Ctr Astron Hispano Aleman, Observ Astron Calar Alto, Gergal 04550, Almeria, Spain

[7] Max Planck Inst Astron, Konigstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany

[8] Univ Complutense Madrid, Dept Astrofis & Ciencias Atmosfera, Fac Ciencias Fis, E-28040 Madrid, Spain

[9] Inst Astrofs Canarias, Via Lactea S-N, Tenerife 38205, Spain

[10] Univ La Laguna, Dept Astrofis, E-38206 Tenerife, Spain

[11] Hamburger Sternwarte, Gojenbergsweg 112, D-21029 Hamburg, Germany

[12] Thuringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, Sternwarte 5, D-07778 Tautenburg, Germany

[13] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, Postbus 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands

[14] Max Planck Inst Sonnensyst Forsch, Justus von Liebig Weg 3, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany

[15] Queen Mary Univ London, Sch Phys & Astron, 327 Mile End Rd, London E1 4NS, England

[16] Inst Nacl Astrofis Opt & Electr, Luis Enrique Erro 1, Puebla, Mexico

[17] FRACTAL SLNE, C Tulipan 2,P13-1A, Las Rozas De Madrid 28231, Spain

[18] Inst Theoret Phys & Astrophys, Leibnizst 15, D-24118 Kiel, Germany

[19] Osserv Astrofis Catania, Via S Sofia 78, I-95123 Catania, Italy

[20] Unversita Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, Via Ric Sci 1, I-00133 Rome, Italy

[21] Weizmann Inst Sci, 234 Herzl St, IL-761001 Rehovot, Israel

[22] Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Phys, Dublin 4, Ireland

[23] European Southern Observ, Alonso de Cordova 3107,Casilla 19001, Vitacura, Santiago De Chi, Chile

[24] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA

[25] Univ Granada, Av Hospicio S-N, Granada 18010, Spain

[26] QUCAM Astron Detectors, Alicante, Spain

[27] European Southern Observ, Karl Schwarzschild Str 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany

[28] Univ Carlos III Madrid, Dept Teoria Senal & Comunicac, Escuela Politecn Super, Avda Univ 30, Madrid 28911, Spain

[29] Univ Alicante, Escuela Politecn Super, Dept Fis Ingn Sistemas & Teoria Senal, Apdo 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain

[30] INAF, Osservatorio Astrofis Torino, Via Osservatorio 20, I-10025 Pino Torinese, Italy

来源：

ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS | 2018年 / 612卷

基金：

欧洲研究理事会;

关键词：

atlases; catalogs; stars: rotation; stars: late-type; stars: low-mass; infrared: stars; LOW-MASS STARS; CHROMOSPHERIC ACTIVITY; ASAS PHOTOMETRY; ROTATION; PLANETS; METALLICITY; COINCIDENT; PRECISION; SEQUENCE; NOISE;

D O I：

10.1051/0004-6361/201732054

中图分类号：

P1 [天文学];

学科分类号：

0704 ;

摘要：

The CARMENES radial velocity (RV) survey is observing 324 M dwarfs to search for any orbiting planets. In this paper, we present the survey sample by publishing one CARMENES spectrum for each M dwarf. These spectra cover the wavelength range 520-1710 nm at a resolution of at least R > 80 000, and we measure its RV, Ha emission, and projected rotation velocity. We present an atlas of high-resolution M-dwarf spectra and compare the spectra to atmospheric models. To quantify the RV precision that can be achieved in low-mass stars over the CARMENES wavelength range, we analyze our empirical information on the RV precision from more than 6500 observations. We compare our high-resolution M-dwarf spectra to atmospheric models where we determine the spectroscopic RV information content, Q, and signal-to-noise ratio. We find that for all M-type dwarfs, the highest RV precision can be reached in the wavelength range 700-900 nm. Observations at longer wavelengths are equally precise only at the very latest spectral types (M8 and M9). We demonstrate that in this spectroscopic range, the large amount of absorption features compensates for the intrinsic faintness of an M7 star. To reach an RV precision of 1 m s(-1) in very low mass M dwarfs at longer wavelengths likely requires the use of a 10 m class telescope. For spectral types M6 and earlier, the combination of a red visual and a near-infrared spectrograph is ideal to search for low-mass planets and to distinguish between planets and stellar variability. At a 4m class telescope, an instrument like CARMENES has the potential to push the RV precision well below the typical jitter level of 3-4 m s(-1).

引用

页数：63

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