Firearm examination: Examiner judgments and computer-based comparisons

被引:13
作者
Mattijssen, Erwin J. A. T. [1 ,2 ]
Witteman, Cilia L. M. [1 ]
Berger, Charles E. H. [2 ,3 ]
Zheng, Xiaoyu A. [4 ]
Soons, Johannes A. [4 ]
Stoel, Reinoud D. [2 ]
机构
[1] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Inst Behav Sci, Nijmegen, Netherlands
[2] Netherlands Forens Inst, POB 24044, NL-2490 AA The Hague, Netherlands
[3] Leiden Univ, Inst Criminal Law & Criminol, Leiden, Netherlands
[4] NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA
关键词
calibration; comparison algorithm; error rates; expert decision making; forensic firearm examination; inconclusives; judgment; reliability; validity; COMMUNICATING PROBABILISTIC INFORMATION; FORENSIC-SCIENCE; SEQUENTIAL UNMASKING; CONTEXT INFORMATION; CONFIRMATION BIAS; SURFACE METROLOGY; MANAGEMENT; CASEWORK; IMPROVE;
D O I
10.1111/1556-4029.14557
中图分类号
DF [法律]; D9 [法律]; R [医药、卫生];
学科分类号
0301 ; 10 ;
摘要
Forensic firearm examination provides the court of law with information about the source of fired cartridge cases. We assessed the validity of source decisions of a computer-based method and of 73 firearm examiners who compared breechface and firing pin impressions of 48 comparison sets. We also compared the computer-based method's comparison scores with the examiners' degree-of-support judgments and assessed the validity of the latter. The true-positive rate (sensitivity) and true-negative rate (specificity) of the computer-based method (for the comparison of both the breechface and firing pin impressions) were 94.4% and at least 91.7%, respectively. For the examiners, the true-positive rate was at least 95.3% and the true-negative rate was at least 86.2%. The validity of the source decisions improved when the evaluations of breechface and firing pin impressions were combined and for the examiners also when the perceived difficulty of the comparison decreased. The examiners were reluctant to provide source decisions for "difficult" comparisons even though their source decisions were mostly correct. The correlation between the computer-based method's comparison scores and the examiners' degree-of-support judgments was low for the same-source comparisons to negligible for the different-source comparisons. Combining the outcomes of computer-based methods with the judgments of examiners could increase the validity of firearm examinations. The examiners' numerical degree-of-support judgments for their source decisions were not well-calibrated and showed clear signs of overconfidence. We suggest studying the merits of performance feedback to calibrate these judgments.
引用
收藏
页码:96 / 111
页数:16
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