For several decades, composites made of polylactic acid-calcium phosphates (PLA-CaP) and polylactic acid-co-glycolic acid-calcium phosphates (PLGA-CaP) have seen widespread uses in orthopedic applications. This paper reviews the fabrication aspects of these composites, following the ubiquitous materials science approach by studying "processing-structure-property" correlations. Various fabrication processes such as microencapsulation, phase separation, electrospinning, supercritical gas foaming, etc., are reviewed, with specific examples of their applications in fabricating these composites. The effect of the incorporation of CaP materials on the mechanical and biological performance of PLA/PLGA is addressed. In addition, this paper describes the state of the art on challenges and innovations concerning CaP dispersion, incorporation of biomolecules/stem cells and long-term degradation of the composites. (C) 2012 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Univ Sao Paulo, Sch Dent Ribeirao Preto, Cell Culture Lab, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Sch Dent Ribeirao Preto, Cell Culture Lab, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, Brazil
Sicchieri, Luciana Goncalves
Crippa, Grasiele Edilaine
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Univ Sao Paulo, Sch Dent Ribeirao Preto, Cell Culture Lab, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Sch Dent Ribeirao Preto, Cell Culture Lab, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, Brazil
Crippa, Grasiele Edilaine
de Oliveira, Paulo Tambasco
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Univ Sao Paulo, Sch Dent Ribeirao Preto, Cell Culture Lab, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Sch Dent Ribeirao Preto, Cell Culture Lab, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, Brazil
de Oliveira, Paulo Tambasco
Beloti, Marcio Mateus
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Univ Sao Paulo, Sch Dent Ribeirao Preto, Cell Culture Lab, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Sch Dent Ribeirao Preto, Cell Culture Lab, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, Brazil
Beloti, Marcio Mateus
Rosa, Adalberto Luiz
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Univ Sao Paulo, Sch Dent Ribeirao Preto, Cell Culture Lab, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Sch Dent Ribeirao Preto, Cell Culture Lab, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Dr Hc Robert Mathys Fdn, CH-2544 Bettlach, SwitzerlandRadboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Dept Biomat 309, NL-6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands
Bohner, Marc
Pan, Juli
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China Capital Med Univ, Being Stomatol Hosp, Dept Oral & Maxillofacial Surg, Beijing 100050, Peoples R ChinaRadboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Dept Biomat 309, NL-6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands
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Indian Inst Technol Kanpur, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Kanpur 208016, IndiaIndian Inst Technol Kanpur, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Kanpur 208016, India
George, Suchi Mercy
Nayak, Chinmayee
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Indian Inst Technol Kanpur, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Kanpur 208016, IndiaIndian Inst Technol Kanpur, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Kanpur 208016, India
Nayak, Chinmayee
Singh, Indrajeet
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Indian Inst Technol Kanpur, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Kanpur 208016, IndiaIndian Inst Technol Kanpur, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Kanpur 208016, India
Singh, Indrajeet
Balani, Kantesh
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Indian Inst Technol Kanpur, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Kanpur 208016, India
Indian Inst Technol Kanpur, Adv Ctr Mat Sci, Kanpur 208016, IndiaIndian Inst Technol Kanpur, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Kanpur 208016, India