Is There a Relationship Between Bovine Tuberculosis (bTB) Herd Breakdown Risk and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Status? An Investigation in bTB Chronically and Non-chronically Infected Herds

被引:16
作者
Byrne, Andrew W. [1 ,2 ]
Graham, Jordon [1 ]
Milne, Georgina [1 ]
Guelbenzu-Gonzalo, Maria [1 ,3 ]
Strain, Sam [4 ]
机构
[1] Agrifood & Biosci Inst, Vet Sci Div, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland
[2] Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Biol Sci, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland
[3] Anim Hlth Ireland, Carrick On Shannon, Ireland
[4] Anim Hlth & Welf Northern Ireland, Dungannon, North Ireland
关键词
bovine TB; Johne's disease; veterinary epidemiology; co-infection; infectious disease control; mycobacteria; JOHNES-DISEASE; SKIN-TEST; ANTIBODY ELISA; CATTLE; INTERFERON; ERADICATION; DIAGNOSIS; RESPONSES; PROGRAM; CULTURE;
D O I
10.3389/fvets.2019.00030
中图分类号
S85 [动物医学(兽医学)];
学科分类号
0906 ;
摘要
Background: Bovine tuberculosis (bTB; Mycobacterium bovis) remains a significant problem in a number of countries, and is often found where M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is also present. In the United Kingdom, bTB has been difficult to eradicate despite long-term efforts. Co-infection has been proposed as one partial mechanism thwarting eradication. Methods: A retrospective case-control study of 4,500 cattle herds in Northern Ireland, where serological testing of cattle for MAP, was undertaken (2004-2015). Blood samples were ELISA tested for MAP; infection of M. bovis was identified in herds by the comparative tuberculin test (CTT) and through post-mortem evidence of infection. Case-herds were those experiencing a confirmed bTB breakdown; control-herds were not experiencing a breakdown episode at the time of MAP testing. A second model included additional testing data of feces samples (culture and PCR results) to better inform herd MAP status. Multi-level hierarchical models were developed, controlling for selected confounders. A sensitivity analysis of the effect of MAP sample numbers per event and the prior timing of tuberculin-testing was undertaken. Results: 45.2% (n = 250) of case observations and 36.0% (3,480) of control observations were positive to MAP by ELISA (45.8% and 36.4% when including ancillary fecal testing, respectively). Controlling for known confounders, the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for this association was 1.339 (95%CI:1.085-1.652; including ancillary data aOR:1.356;95%CI:1.099-1.673). The size-effect of the association increased with the increasing number of samples per event used to assign herd MAP status (aOR:1.883 at >2 samples, to aOR:3.863 at >10 samples), however the estimated CI increased as N decreased. 41.7% of observations from chronic herds were MAP serology-positive and 32.2% from bTB free herds were MAP positive (aOR: 1.170; 95%ci: 0.481-2.849). Discussion: Cattle herds experiencing a bTB breakdown were associated with increased risk of having a positive MAP status. Chronic herds tended to exhibit higher risk of a positive MAP status than bTB free herds, however there was less support for this association when controlling for repeated measures and confounding. MAP co-infection may be playing a role in the success of bTB eradiation schemes, however further studies are required to understand the mechanisms and to definitively establish causation.
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页数:11
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