Disciplines, Doctrines, and Deviant Science

This is a reply to a comment by Kare Letrud [Letrud, Kare. 2019. "The Gordian Knot of Demarcation: Tying Up Some Loose Ends." International Studies in the Philosophy of Science 32 (1): 3-11. doi:10.1080/02698595.2019.1618031] on the author's definition of pseudoscience. Pseudosciences are doctrines. An epistemic discipline that is defined solely by its area of study cannot be a pseudoscience, but if a discipline is bound to a doctrine, then it will be pseudoscientific if that doctrine is a pseudoscience. Contrary to most other types of shortcomings in science, pseudoscience involves the sustained promotion of teachings that block or impede the self-correcting and self-improving mechanisms in science. What makes pseudoscience more dangerous than other types of bad science is its doctrinal resistance to correction.