Experimental values of Kolmogorov constant of turbulence

Experimental values of the Kolmogorov constant Ko, translated from the experimentally measured one-dimensional (1-D) energy spectra of high-Reynolds-number turbulence, depend upon which form of the turbulence energy spectrum is used over the small scale range captured in the experiments. Most published experimental values of Ko ranges from 1.3 to 2.1, and are based upon a simple form of the energy spectrum which neglects the bump phenomenon. When improved forms of the energy spectrum, which take into account the bump phenomenon, are used, it is found that the experimental values of the Kolmogorov constant are between 0.9 and 1.5, much lower than most published experimental values.