Reductions in mortality resulting from reduced air pollution levels due to COVID-19 mitigation measures

被引:51
作者
Son, Ji-Young [1 ]
Fong, Kelvin C. [1 ]
Heo, Seulkee [1 ]
Kim, Honghyok [1 ]
Lim, Chris C. [1 ]
Bell, Michelle L. [1 ]
机构
[1] Yale Univ, Yale Sch Environm, 195 Prospect St, New Haven, CT 06511 USA
关键词
Air pollution; COVID-19; Mitigation; Mortality reduction; SHORT-TERM; BEIJING OLYMPICS; EXPOSURE; ASSOCIATIONS; IMPACT;
D O I
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141012
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
To control the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak, state and local governments in the United States have implemented several mitigation efforts that resulted in lower emissions of traffic-related air pollutants. This study examined the impacts of COVID-19 mitigation measures on air pollution levels and the subsequent reductions in mortality for urban areas in 10 US states and the District of Columbia. We calculated changes in levels of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter no larger than 2.5 mu m (PM2.5) during mitigation period versus the baseline period (pre-mitigation measure) using the difference-in-difference approach and the estimated avoided total and cause-specific mortality attributable to these changes in PM2.5 by state and district. We found that PM2.5 concentration during the mitigation period decreased for most states (except for 3 states) and the capital. Decreases of average PM2.5 concentration ranged from 0.25 mu g/m(3) (4.3%) in Maryland to 4.20 mu g/m(3) (45.1%) in California. On average, PM2.5 levels across 7 states and the capital reduced by 12.8%. We estimated that PM2.5 reduction during the mitigation period lowered air pollution-related total and cause-specific deaths. An estimated 483 (95% CI: 307, 665) PM2.5-related deaths was avoided in the urban areas of California. Our findings have implications for the effects of mitigation efforts and provide insight into the mortality reductions can be achieved from reduced air pollution levels. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页数:5
相关论文
共 35 条
[1]   Particulate matter components, sources, and health: Systematic approaches to testing effects [J].
Adams, Kate ;
Greenbaum, Daniel S. ;
Shaikh, Rashid ;
van Erp, Annemoon M. ;
Russell, Armistead G. .
JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION, 2015, 65 (05) :544-558
[2]  
[Anonymous], Possible effects of EMU on the EU Banking Systems in the Medium to Long -Term
[3]  
Anthes E., 2020, CORONAVIRUS LOCKDOWN
[4]   Source impact modeling of spatiotemporal trends in PM2.5 oxidative potential across the eastern United States [J].
Bates, Josephine T. ;
Weber, Rodney J. ;
Verma, Vishal ;
Fang, Ting ;
Ivey, Cesunica ;
Liu, Cong ;
Sarnat, Stefanie E. ;
Chang, Howard H. ;
Mulholland, James A. ;
Russell, Armistead .
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT, 2018, 193 :158-167
[5]   Spatial and temporal variation in PM2.5 chemical composition in the United States for health effects studies [J].
Bell, Michelle L. ;
Dominici, Francesca ;
Ebisu, Keita ;
Zeger, Scott L. ;
Samet, Jonathan M. .
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES, 2007, 115 (07) :989-995
[6]  
Bell Michelle L, 2012, Res Rep Health Eff Inst, P5
[7]   A Comparison of Short-term and Long-term Air Pollution Exposure Associations with Mortality in Two Cohorts in Scotland [J].
Beverland, Iain J. ;
Cohen, Geoffrey R. ;
Heal, Mathew R. ;
Carder, Melanie ;
Yap, Christina ;
Robertson, Chris ;
Hart, Carole L. ;
Agius, Raymond M. .
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES, 2012, 120 (09) :1280-1285
[8]   Airborne Fine Particles and Risk of Hospital Admissions for Understudied Populations: Effects by Urbanicity and Short-Term Cumulative Exposures in 708 US Counties [J].
Bravo, Mercedes A. ;
Ebisu, Keita ;
Dominici, Francesca ;
Wang, Yun ;
Peng, Roger D. ;
Bell, Michelle L. .
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES, 2017, 125 (04) :594-601
[9]   Associations of Short-Term and Long-Term Exposure to Ambient Air Pollutants With Hypertension A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [J].
Cai, Yuanyuan ;
Zhang, Bo ;
Ke, Weixia ;
Feng, Baixiang ;
Lin, Hualiang ;
Xiao, Jianpeng ;
Zeng, Weilin ;
Li, Xing ;
Tao, Jun ;
Yang, Zuyao ;
Ma, Wenjun ;
Liu, Tao .
HYPERTENSION, 2016, 68 (01) :62-+
[10]   Air pollution reduction and mortality benefit during the COVID-19 outbreak in China [J].
Chen, Kai ;
Wang, Meng ;
Huang, Conghong ;
Kinney, Patrick L. ;
Anastas, Paul T. .
LANCET PLANETARY HEALTH, 2020, 4 (06) :E210-E212