Metal ions Release in Saliva from Fixed Orthodontic Appliances: A Systematic Review

Standard Orthodontic intervention involves the use of brackets, bands and arch wires. Brackets used in orthodontic treatment provide the means to transfer force to the teeth using the arch wire. Biodegradation of different typ orthodontic brackets might lead to metal ion release . Nickel (Ni) and chromium (Cr) containing alloys are present in the manufacture of most of the orthodontic appliances. The increase of nickel and/or chromium ions release could result in heath hazardous effects. Analysis of the released metal ions was performed through mass spectroscopy, atomic absorption spectroscopy. The aim of this study is to systematically assess the release of metal ions with fixed orthodontic appliances using ceramic brackets. Electronic searches will be performed in two databases (PubMed, Cochrane). The PubMed, identified 29 studies, four of them met the inclusion criteria. In conclusion, although these studies are limited, this systematic review can state that the release of metal ions in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances is in measurable amounts that are considered to be safe. In addition, there are no differences in the release of salivary ions regardless of the bracket type used.