The relative roles of upper and lower tropospheric thermal contrasts and tropical influences in driving Asian summer monsoons

被引:127
作者
Dai, Aiguo [1 ,2 ]
Li, Hongmei [3 ]
Sun, Ying [4 ]
Hong, Li-Ciao [5 ]
Ho, Lin [5 ]
Chou, Chia [5 ,6 ]
Zhou, Tianjun [7 ]
机构
[1] SUNY Albany, Dept Atmospher & Environm Sci, Albany, NY 12222 USA
[2] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA
[3] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany
[4] China Meterol Adm, Natl Climate Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China
[5] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Taipei 10764, Taiwan
[6] Acad Sinica, Res Ctr Environm Changes, Taipei 115, Taiwan
[7] Chinese Acad Sci, LASG, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing, Peoples R China
基金
美国国家科学基金会;
关键词
Monsoon; Asia; land-sea contrast; CLIMATE MODEL SIMULATIONS; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; TEMPERATURE TRENDS; WEAKENING TREND; ENSO; PRECIPITATION; REANALYSIS; MECHANISM; 20TH-CENTURY; PROJECTIONS;
D O I
10.1002/jgrd.50565
中图分类号
P4 [大气科学(气象学)];
学科分类号
0706 ; 070601 ;
摘要
Summer thermal structure and winds over Asia show a larger land-ocean thermal gradient in the upper than in the lower troposphere, implying a bigger role of the upper troposphere in driving the Asian summer monsoon circulation. Using data from atmospheric re-analyses and model simulations, we show that the land-ocean thermal contrast in the mid-upper (200-500 hPa) troposphere (TCupper) contributes about three times as much as the thermal contrast in the mid-lower (500-850 hPa) troposphere (TClower) in determining both the strength and variations of Asian summer monsoon circulations. Tropical sea surface temperature anomalies associated with the annual cycle, El Nino-Southern Oscillation, decadal changes, and global warming all are accompanied with much larger variations and changes in TCupper than in TClower, partly due to enhanced latent heating aloft from convection. The variations and changes in TCupper and TClower are highly correlated with the strength of the South Asian Summer Monsoon (SASM) and the East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM) in their respective sectors during the past 50-60 years. In particular, the weakening of the EASM since the 1950s is caused by the weakening mainly in TCupper and secondarily in TClower induced mainly by recent tropical surface warming, although spurious cooling over East Asia seen in reanalysis data may have enhanced this weakening. However, the strength of the SASM and EASM monsoons follows TCupper but decouples with TClower in the global warming case in the 21st century. The results suggest that the TCupper plays a dominant role and provides an efficient mechanism through which tropical oceans can influence extratropical monsoons.
引用
收藏
页码:7024 / 7045
页数:22
相关论文
共 67 条
  • [1] The reversing roles of local and remote circulations on the Indian summer monsoon under a warming scenario
    Bhaskaran, B.
    [J]. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES, 2012, 117
  • [2] Performance of the New NCAR CAM3.5 in East Asian Summer Monsoon Simulations: Sensitivity to Modifications of the Convection Scheme
    Chen, Haoming
    Zhou, Tianjun
    Neale, Richard B.
    Wu, Xiaoqing
    Zhang, Guang Jun
    [J]. JOURNAL OF CLIMATE, 2010, 23 (13) : 3657 - 3675
  • [3] Chiang JCH, 2002, J CLIMATE, V15, P2616, DOI 10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<2616:TTTVCB>2.0.CO
  • [4] 2
  • [5] Land-sea heating contrast in an idealized Asian summer monsoon
    Chou, C
    [J]. CLIMATE DYNAMICS, 2003, 21 (01) : 11 - 25
  • [6] Interannual variability of the western North Pacific summer monsoon: Differences between ENSO and non-ENSO years
    Chou, C
    Tu, JY
    Yu, JY
    [J]. JOURNAL OF CLIMATE, 2003, 16 (13) : 2275 - 2287
  • [7] Chou C, 2003, J CLIMATE, V16, P406, DOI 10.1175/1520-0442(2003)016<0406:MLTNEO>2.0.CO
  • [8] 2
  • [9] Evaluating the "Rich-Get-Richer'' Mechanism in Tropical Precipitation Change under Global Warming
    Chou, Chia
    Neelin, J. David
    Chen, Chao-An
    Tu, Jien-Yi
    [J]. JOURNAL OF CLIMATE, 2009, 22 (08) : 1982 - 2005
  • [10] The Twentieth Century Reanalysis Project
    Compo, G. P.
    Whitaker, J. S.
    Sardeshmukh, P. D.
    Matsui, N.
    Allan, R. J.
    Yin, X.
    Gleason, B. E., Jr.
    Vose, R. S.
    Rutledge, G.
    Bessemoulin, P.
    Broennimann, S.
    Brunet, M.
    Crouthamel, R. I.
    Grant, A. N.
    Groisman, P. Y.
    Jones, P. D.
    Kruk, M. C.
    Kruger, A. C.
    Marshall, G. J.
    Maugeri, M.
    Mok, H. Y.
    Nordli, O.
    Ross, T. F.
    Trigo, R. M.
    Wang, X. L.
    Woodruff, S. D.
    Worley, S. J.
    [J]. QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY, 2011, 137 (654) : 1 - 28