Long-term changes (1990-2015) in the atmospheric deposition and runoff water chemistry of sulphate, inorganic nitrogen and acidity for forested catchments in Europe in relation to changes in emissions and hydrometeorological conditions

被引：71

作者：

Vuorenmaa, Jussi ^{[1
]}

Augustaitis, Algirdas ^{[2
]}

Beudert, Burkhard ^{[3
]}

Bochenek, Witold ^{[4
]}

Clarke, Nicholas ^{[5
]}

de Wit, Heleen A. ^{[6
]}

Dirnboeck, Thomas ^{[7
]}

Frey, Jane ^{[8
]}

Hakola, Hannele ^{[9
]}

Kleemola, Sirpa ^{[1
]}

Kobler, Johannes ^{[7
]}

Kram, Pavel ^{[10
]}

Lindroos, Antti-Jussi ^{[11
]}

Lundin, Lars ^{[12
]}

Lofgren, Stefan ^{[12
]}

Marchettom, Aldo ^{[13
]}

Pecka, Tomasz ^{[14
]}

Schulte-Bisping, Hubert ^{[15
]}

Skotak, Krzysztof ^{[14
]}

Srybny, Anatoly ^{[16
]}

Szpikowski, Jozef ^{[17
]}

Ukonmaanaho, Liisa ^{[11
]}

Vana, Milan ^{[18
]}

Akerblom, Staffan ^{[12
]}

Forsius, Martin ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] Finnish Environm Inst SYKE, POB 140, FI-00251 Helsinki, Finland

[2] Aleksandras Stulginskis Univ, Forest Monitoring Lab, Studentu 13, LT-53362 Kaunas, Lithuania

[3] Bavarian Forest Natl Pk, Freyunger Str 2, D-94481 Grafenau, Germany

[4] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Geog & Spatial Org, Szymbark 430, PL-38311 Szymbark, Poland

[5] Norwegian Inst Bioecon Res, POB 115, NO-1431 As, Norway

[6] Norwegian Inst Water Res, Gaustadalleen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway

[7] Environm Agcy Austria, Dept Ecosyst Res & Data Informat Management, Spittelauer Lande 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria

[8] Tartu Univ, Inst Ecol & Earth Sci, Vanemuise St 46, EE-51014 Tartu, Estonia

[9] Finnish Meteorol Inst, POB 503, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland

[10] Czech Geol Survey, Dept Geochem, Klarov 3, CZ-11821 Prague 1, Czech Republic

[11] Nat Resources Inst Finland Luke, Latokartanonkaari 9, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland

[12] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, POB 7050, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden

[13] CNR, Ist Studio Ecosistemi, Largo Tonolli 5, I-28922 Verbania Pallanza Vb, Italy

[14] Natl Res Inst, Inst Environm Protect, Ul Kolektorska 4, PL-01692 Warsaw, Poland

[15] Georg August Univ Gottingen, Soil Sci Temperate & Boreal Ecosyst, Busgenweg 2, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany

[16] Berezinsky Biosphere Reserve, PO Domzheritzy, Lepel Dist 211188, Vitebskaya Obla, BELARUS

[17] Adam Mickiewicz Univ, Storkowo 32, PL-78450 Grzmiaca, Poland

[18] Czech Hydrometeorol Inst, Observ Kosetice, CZ-39422 Kosetice, Czech Republic

来源：

SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT | 2018年 / 625卷

关键词：

Sulphur; Nitrogen; Climate; Trends; Monitoring; LTER; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; SOIL-WATER; NUTRIENT LIMITATION; SULFUR DEPOSITION; GLOBAL ASSESSMENT; SURFACE WATERS; FUTURE CLIMATE; UNITED-STATES; NORTH-AMERICA;

D O I：

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.245

中图分类号：

X [环境科学、安全科学];

学科分类号：

08 ; 0830 ;

摘要：

The international Long-Term Ecological Research Network (ILTER) encompasses hundreds of long-term research/monitoring sites located in a wide array of ecosystems that can help us understand environmental change across the globe. We evaluated long-term trends (1990-2015) for bulk deposition, throughfall and runoff water chemistry and fluxes, and climatic variables 10 25 forested catchments in Europe belonging to the UNECE International Cooperative Programme on Integrated Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects on Ecosystems (ICP IM). Many of the IM sites form part of the monitoring infrastructures of this larger ILTER network. Trends were evaluated for monthly concentrations of non-marine (anthropogenic fraction, denoted as x) sulphate (xSO(4)) and base cations x(Ca + Mg), hydrogen ion (H+), inorganic N (NO3 and NH4) and ANC (Acid Neutralising Capacity) and their respective fluxes into and out of the catchments and for monthly precipitation, runoff and air temperature. A significant decrease of xSO(4) deposition resulted in decreases in concentrations and fluxes of xSO(4) in runoff, being significant at 90% and 60% of the sites, respectively. Bulk deposition of NO3 and NH4 decreased significantly at 60-80% (concentrations) and 40-60% (fluxes) of the sites. Concentrations and fluxes of NO3 in runoff decreased at 73% and 63% of the sites, respectively, and NO3 concentrations decreased significantly at 50% of the sites. Thus, the LTER/ICP IM network confirms the positive effects of the emission reductions in Europe. Air temperature increased significantly at 61% of the sites, while trends for precipitation and runoff were rarely significant. The site specific variation of xSO(4) concentrations in runoff was most strongly explained by deposition. Climatic variables and deposition explained the variation of inorganic N concentrations in runoff at single sites poorly, and as yet there are no clear signs of a consistent deposition-driven or climate-driven increase in inorganic N exports in the catchments. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

引用

页码：1129 / 1145

页数：17

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