Influence of static alignment of the knee, range of tibial rotation and tibial plateau geometry on the dynamic alignment of "knee-in" and tibial rotation during single limb drop landing

Background: Dynamic alignment of "knee-in 82 toe-out" is a risk factor for anterior cruciate ligament injury and is possibly influenced by static knee alignment, range of tibial rotation and tibial plateau geometry. Methods: Twenty-eight healthy women were classified into valgus, neutral and varus groups based on static alignment of their knees. A 3-dimensional motion analysis was carried out for a single limb drop landing. The range of tibial rotation and posterior tibial slope angle was measured by MRI. Comparison among the 3 groups and correlation between the angles was analyzed during motion. Findings: The differences between the medial and lateral posterior tibial slope angles were greater (P = 0.019), also range of internal tibial rotation for the valgus group (P = 0.017) and, for the varus group, the "knee-in" angle (P = 0.048). The "knee-in" angle correlated significantly with the tibial rotation angle (R = -0.39, P = 0.038), and the range of tibial rotation correlated with the variations between the medial and lateral posterior tibial slope angles (R = 0.90, P = 0.003). Interpretation: The range of tibial rotation, posterior tibial slope and "knee-in" angle varied according to whether the knee was in valgus or varus with the range of tibial rotation dependent on the posterior tibial slope angle. The greater the "knee-in" angle became, the smaller the internal tibial rotation was, acting in a kinetic chain. The results suggest that static alignment of the knee may be utilized as a predictor for potential problems that occur during motion. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.