Boundary condition-enforced immersed boundary-lattice Boltzmann flux solver for thermal flows with Neumann boundary conditions

A boundary condition-enforced-immersed boundary-lattice Boltzmann flux solver is proposed in this work for effective simulation of thermal flows with Neumann boundary conditions. In this method, two auxiliary layers of Lagrangian points are introduced and respectively placed inside and outside of the solid body, on which the temperature corrections (related to the heat source) are set as unknowns. To effectively consider the fluid-boundary interaction, these unknowns are expressed as algebraic summations of the temperature correction on Eulerian points, which are in turn obtained from biased distributions of unknown temperature corrections on the immersed boundary. By enforcing the temperature gradient at the solid boundary being equal to that approximated by the corrected temperature field, a set of algebraic equations are formed and solved to obtain all the unknowns simultaneously. They are then distributed biasedly to the inner region of the auxiliary layer so that the diffusion from the smooth delta function can be reduced substantially. In addition, the solutions of the flow and temperature fields are obtained by the thermal lattice Boltzmann flux solver with the second order of accuracy. The proposed method is well validated through its applications to simulate several benchmarks of natural, forced and mixed convection problems. It has been demonstrated that the present solver has about 1.724 order of accuracy and the error between the present result and theoretical value for the temperature gradient on the solid surface is in the order of 10(-13), which indicates that the proposed method is able to satisfy the Neumann boundary condition accurately. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.