Chemical Compositions of Subway Particles in Seoul, Korea Determined by a Quantitative Single Particle Analysis

被引：101
作者：
Kang, Sunni [1 ]
Hwang, Heejin [1 ]
Park, Yoomyung [1 ]
Kim, Hyekyoung [1 ]
Ro, Chul-Un [1 ]
机构：
[1] Inha Univ, Dept Chem, Inchon 402751, South Korea
来源：
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY | 2008年 / 42卷 / 24期
关键词：
D O I：
10.1021/es802267b
中图分类号：
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号：
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要：
A novel single particle analytical technique, low-Z particle electron probe X-ray microanalysis, was applied to characterize seasonal subway samples collected at a subway station in Seoul, Korea. For all 8 samples collected twice in each season, 4 major types of subway particles, based on their chemical compositions, are significantly encountered: Fe-containing; soil-derived; carbonaceous; and secondary nitrate and/or sulfate particles. Fe-containing particles are generated indoors from wear processes at rail-wheel-brake interfaces while the others may be introduced mostly from the outdoor urban atmosphere. Fe-containing particles are the most frequently encountered with relative abundances in the range of 61-79%. In this study, it is shown that Fe-containing subway particles almost always exist either as partially or fully oxidized forms in underground subway microenvironments. Their relative abundances of Fe-containing particles increase as particle sizes decrease. Relative abundances of Fe-containing particles are higher in morning samples than in afternoon samples because of heavier train traffic in the morning. In the summertime samples, Fe-containing particles are the most abundantly encountered, whereas soil-derived and nitrate/sulfate particles are the least encountered, indicating the air-exchange between indoor and outdoor environments is limited in the summer, owing to the air-conditioning in the subway system. In our work, it was observed that the relative abundances of the particles of outdoor origin vary somewhat among seasonal samples to a lesser degree, reflecting that indoor emission sources predominate.
引用
收藏
页码：9051 / 9057
页数：7
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