Skeletal muscle clock and metabolism

The circadian rhythm, with the form of a transcription-translation negative feedback loop, is present in skeletal muscle tissue and is regulated by several core clock genes. In addition, circadian transcriptomic studies have revealed that there are hundreds of genes with rhythmic expression patterns in skeletal muscle, and these expression patterns are important for the maintenance of the physiological functions of skeletal muscle. Accumulating evidence suggests that abnormal skeletal muscle circadian rhythms disrupt the metabolism of glucose, lipids, and amino acids, and increase the risk of metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes. This review aims to provide a more detailed overview of the skeletal muscle clock and its relationship with metabolism based on the current state of knowledge. We first reviewed the research being done on the skeletal muscle clock and the regulation mechanism of the circadian rhythm. With the in-depth study of skeletal muscle clock control genes (CCGs), it has been found that many genes are involved in the regulation of skeletal muscle energy metabolism. On this basis, we further discussed the evidence on how circadian genes in skeletal muscle regulate glucose, lipid, and protein metabolism. This will help provide valuable insights into the relationship between metabolic diseases and the skeletal muscle clock.