Establishment of national diagnostic reference levels in dental cone beam computed tomography in Switzerland

Objectives: The aim of this study was to establish diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) in the field of dental maxillofacial and ear-nose-throat (ENT) practices using cone beam CT (CBCT) in Switzerland. Methods: A questionnaire was sent to owners of CBCTs in Switzerland; to a total of 612 institutions. The answers were analyzed for each indication, provided that enough data were available. The DRLs were defined as the 75th percentile of air kerma product distribution (P-KA). Results: 227 answers were collected (38% of all centers). Third quartile of P-KA, values were obtained for five dental indications: 662 mGy cm(2) for wisdom tooth, 683 mGy cm(2) for single tooth implant treatment, 542 mGy cm(2) for tooth position anomalies, 569 mGy cm(2) for pathological dentoalveolar modifications, and 639 mGy cm(2) for endodontics. The standard field of view (FOV) size of 5 cm in diameter x 5 cm in height was proposed. Conclusions: Large ranges of FOV and P were found for a given indication, demonstrating the importance of establishing DRLs as well as FOV recommendations in view of optimizing the present practice. For now, only DRLs for dental and maxillofacial could be defined; because of a lack of ENT data, no DRL values for ENT practices could be derived from this survey.