Biomedical Applications of Enzyme-Powered Micro/Nanomotors

Enzyme-powered micro/nanomotor is a new type of micro/nanomachines that uses natural enzymes to catalyze the decomposition of fuels such as hydrogen peroxide, glucose, urea, and glycerides to provide power, which mainly includes hydrogen peroxidase, urease, glucose oxidase, and lipase-powered nanomotors. Compared with traditional micro/nanomotors, enzyme powered micro/nanomotors have good biocompatibility, and can achieve autonomous targeting motion in situ using biofuel without additional fuels, which endows enzyme-driven micro/nanomotors with great potential and prospects for in vivo applications, especially in biomedical fields. Currently, the application of enzyme-driven micro/nanomotors in biomedical fields has attracted the attention of many researchers. However, there is no review timely and concisely summarizing the progress in this research aspect. Therefore, based on our experience, this paper focuses on the recent progress of different types of enzyme-powered micro/nanomotors in cancer diagnosis and treatment, and briefly introduces the application of triglyceride degradation and bacterial infection. Finally, this paper provides an outlook on the development and future research in this field, and hopes to stimulate new ideas for building a "human health community" with the goal of "towards the science and technology frontiers worldwide, as we 11 as peoples' life and health".