Effect of suction on the stagnation point flow of hybrid nanofluid toward a permeable and vertical Riga plate

The application of appropriate wall mass suction (transpiration) has been reported as the key factor to generate steady solutions in the opposing flow (shrinking or opposing buoyancy). This study features the impact of the suction and mixed convection parameters in the stagnation point flow toward a permeable Riga plate. Due to the capability of hybrid nanofluids in enhancing the heat transfer performance, the combination of copper (Cu) and alumina (Al2O3) nanoparticles are used, including water as the base fluid. It appears that the dual solutions are potential in this problem with the negligence of the suction parameter. However, this transpiration effect is efficient in delaying the separation process of the hybrid nanofluid flow and enhancing the heat transfer rate. The heat transfer rate augments with the addition of phi 2 and S. The increment of heat transfer rate is reported between 34% and 39% when 30% of the suction parameter (S=0.3) is applied. Besides, the addition of the mixed convection parameter from the opposing to assisting flow enlarges the velocity profile while reduces the temperature profile. The reduction of temperature distribution with an upsurge of suction, mixed convection, and EMHD parameters implies the operating heat transfer process.