SQSTM1/p62 regulates the production of IL-8 and MCP-1 in IL-1β-stimulated human retinal pigment epithelial cells

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a complex eye disease in which decline in autophagy leads to the accumulation of sequestosome 1/p62 (SQSTM1/p62)-labeled waste material inside the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, and the condition results in activation of the inflammasome signaling and IL-1 beta secretion. Here, we have studied the role of SQSTM1/p62 in the production of IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 in the presence or absence of IL-1 beta. SQSTM1/p62 was either overexpressed or silenced in ARPE-19 cells, which were then exposed to IL-1 beta. Alternatively, bafilomycin A was used to demonstrate the functional decline of autophagy with increased SQSTM1/p62 levels. The protein concentration of SQSTM1/p62 was measured using the western blot technique, and interleukin levels were determined by ELISA. In IL-1 beta-loaded RPE cells, SQSTM1/p62 depletion and overexpression increased the production of MCP-1 and IL-8, respectively. Neither knock-down nor over expression of SQSTM1/p62 induced the release of IL-6. Our data suggest that SQSTM1/p62 is a significant factor in inflammatory responses, especially following the inflammasome activation.