Sonochemically exfoliated graphitic-carbon nitride for the electrochemical detection of flutamide in environmental samples

This study describes the synthesis of exfoliation of graphitic-carbon nitride (g-C3N4) using thermal polymerization technique followed by sonochemical method. The as-prepared g-C3N4 was characterized by various techniques, such as X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDS), and transmission electron microscope (TEM) to investigate the structural and morphology of g-C3N4. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) measurements were demonstrated excellent electrocatalytic activity of exfoliated g-C3N4 modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) towards flutamide (FLT) detection which affords from their superior conductivity, porous structure, and large accessible surface area. It is evident from the comparison study of bulk g-C3N4, the exfoliated g-C3N4 was greatly exhibited enhanced electrocatalytic performance for electrochemical detection of FLT. The DPV results of exfoliated g-C3N4/GCE for electrochemical detection of FLT reveals low detection limit (LOD) of 0.05 mu M and sensitivity of 1.166 mu A mu M-1 cm(-2) towards wide linear range of 2-1208 mu M. Finally, the modified electrode also showed excellent selectivity, and reproducibility, which accessed as a potential for the electrochemical detection of FLT in environmental samples.