Net CO2 uptake rates for Hylocereus undatus and Selenicereus megalanthus under field conditions:: Drought influence and a novel method for analyzing temperature dependence

Net CO2 uptake rates (P-N) were measured for the vine cacti Hylocereus undatus and Selenicereus megalanthus under relatively extreme climatic conditions in Israel. Withholding water decreased rates and the daily amount of CO2 uptake by about 10 % per day. Compared with more moderate climates within environmental chambers, the higher temperatures and lower relative humidity in the field led to a more rapid response to drought. The upper envelopes of scatter diagrams for PN versus temperature for these Crassulacean acid metabolism species, which indicate the maximal rates at a particular temperature, were determined for both night time CO2 uptake in Phase I (mediated by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, PEPC) and early morning uptake in Phase II (mediated by ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/ oxygenase, RuBPCO). As stem temperature increased above 13 degrees C, the maximal P-N increased exponentially, reaching maxima near 27 degrees C of 12 and 8 mu mol m(-2) s(-1) for Phases I and II, respectively, for H. undatus and 6 and 4 mu mol m(-2) s(-1), respectively, for S. megalanthus. Based on the Arrhenius equation, the apparent activation energies of PEPC and RuBPCO were 103 and 86 kJ mol(-1), respectively, for H. undatus and 77 and 49 kJ mol(-1), respectively, for S. megalanthus, within the range determined for a diverse group of species using different methodologies. Above 28 degrees C, P-N decreased an average of 58 % per degrees C in Phase I and 30 % per degrees C in Phase II for the two species; such steep declines with temperature indicate that irrigation then may lead to only small enhancements in net CO2 uptake ability.