Influence of epidemiological characteristics (age, parity and other factors) in the assessment of healthy uterine cervical stiffness evaluated through shear wave elastography as a prior step to its use in uterine cervical pathology

Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate stiffness changes occurring in the healthy uterine cervix according to age, parity, phase of the menstrual cycle and other factors by shear wave elastography (SWE). Methods Evaluations of cervical speed and stiffness measurements were performed in 50 non-pregnant patients without gynaecological pathology using SWE transvaginal ultrasound. We performed the evaluation in the midsagittal plane of the uterine cervix with measurements at 0.5, 1 and 1.5 cm from external cervical os, at both anterior and posterior cervical lips. Results We evaluated 44 patients by SWE and obtained a total average velocity of 3.48 +/- 1.08 m/s and stiffness of 42.39 +/- 25.33 kPa. We found differences in speed and stiffness according to the cervical lip and depth evaluated; thus, we observed a velocity of 2.70 m/s at 0.5 cm of depth in the anterior lip and 3.53 m/s at 1.5 cm of depth in the posterior lip (p < 0.05). We observed differences according to parity, obtaining a wave transmission speed of 2.67 m/s and 4.41 m/s at the cervical canal of nulliparous and multiparous patients, respectively (p < 0 0.002). We observed differences according to patient age (from a speed of 2.75 m/s at the cervical canal in the age group of 20-35 years to 5.05 m/s in the age group > 50 years) (p < 0.008). We did not observe differences in speed or stiffness according to the phase of the menstrual cycle, BMI, smoking status or the presence or absence of non-HPV infections. Conclusions The wave transmission speed and stiffness of the uterine cervix evaluated by SWE varies according to the cervical lip and depth of the evaluation as well as according to the parity and age of the patient.