Greenhouse gas emissions of forest bioenergy supply and utilization in Finland

被引:55
作者
Eero, Jappinen [1 ]
Olli-Jussi, Korpinen [1 ]
Juha, Laitila [2 ]
Tapio, Ranta [1 ]
机构
[1] Lappeenranta Univ Technol, Mikkeli 50130, Finland
[2] Finnish Forest Res Inst, Joensuu 80101, Finland
关键词
Bioenergy; Life cycle assessment; Greenhouse gas emissions; Feedstock; Sustainability; Forest biomass; Supply chain; CARBON-DIOXIDE EMISSIONS; LOGGING RESIDUES; ENERGY WOOD; STORAGE; BIOMASS; IMPACT; TRANSPORTATION; DECOMPOSITION; ELECTRICITY; BALANCES;
D O I
10.1016/j.rser.2013.08.101
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
The paper assesses greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of forest bioenergy supply and utilization in Finland. Each step in the supply chains of harvesting residues (HR), small-diameter energy wood (EW) and stumps (ST) is assessed separately, with geography-related differences between Northern and Southern Finland (NF and SF) taken into consideration. Furthermore, the GHG performance of five distinct bioenergy options-(1) combined heat and power production, (2) condensing power production, (3) torrefied pellets, (4) gasification, and (5) pyrolysis oil production-is assessed and compared with that of current reference systems in Finland and also the European Union (EU) sustainability criteria. If soil carbon stock (SCS) changes and possible storage emissions are omitted, the GHG emissions deriving from the supply chain of comminuted forest biomass to plants are 2.4, 3.0, and 2.6 gCO(2)eq MJ(-1) for HR, EW, and ST in SF, respectively. In NE, the corresponding values are 2.9, 3.6, and 3.2 gCO(2)eq MJ(-1), respectively. If SCS changes and possible emissions from storage are accounted for, the emissions for HR, EW, and ST are in the ranges 9.2-49.2, 24.4-64.4, and 33.1-73.1 gCO(2)eq MJ(-1) in SF and 12.7-52.7, 29.4-69.4, and 39.5-79.5 gCO(2)eq MJ(-1) in NF. Most supply-chain GHG emissions arise from SCS changes and possible emissions from storage of comminuted biomass, both of which may involve significant uncertainty factors. In comparison to local reference systems, significant GHG savings can be achieved through energy utilization of forest biomass, but if SCS changes and, in particular, storage emissions are taken into account, fulfillment of the EU sustainability criteria is not guaranteed. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:369 / 382
页数:14
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