Immobilization Techniques in the Fabrication of Nanomaterial-Based Electrochemical Biosensors: A Review

被引:323
作者
Putzbach, William [1 ,2 ]
Ronkainen, Niina J. [2 ]
机构
[1] Northwestern Univ, Dept Cell & Mol Biol, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
[2] Benedictine Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Lisle, IL 60532 USA
关键词
biosensors; carbon nanotubes; electrochemical detection; enzyme-coupled electrochemical biosensors; enzyme immobilization; gold nanoparticles; graphene; WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; GLUCOSE-OXIDASE; ORIENTED IMMOBILIZATION; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; GRAPHENE FILMS; CYTOCHROME-C; LARGE-AREA; SENSORS; PROTEIN;
D O I
10.3390/s130404811
中图分类号
O65 [分析化学];
学科分类号
070302 ; 081704 ;
摘要
The evolution of 1st to 3rd generation electrochemical biosensors reflects a simplification and enhancement of the transduction pathway. However, in recent years, modification of the transducer with nanomaterials has become increasingly studied and imparts many advantages. The sensitivity and overall performance of enzymatic biosensors has improved tremendously as a result of incorporating nanomaterials in their fabrication. Given the unique and favorable qualities of gold nanoparticles, graphene and carbon nanotubes as applied to electrochemical biosensors, a consolidated survey of the different methods of nanomaterial immobilization on transducer surfaces and enzyme immobilization on these species is beneficial and timely. This review encompasses modification of enzymatic biosensors with gold nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, and graphene.
引用
收藏
页码:4811 / 4840
页数:30
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