Astaxanthin induces angiogenesis through Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway

Objective: In the present study, we sought to elucidate whether astaxanthin contributes to induce angiogenesis and its mechanisms. Materials and methods: To this end, we examined the role of astaxanthin on human brain microvascular endothelial cell line (HBMEC) and rat aortic smooth muscle cell (RASMC) proliferation, invasion and tube formation in vitro. For study of mechanism, the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway inhibitor IWR-1-endo was used. HMBECs and RASMCs proliferation were tested by cell counting. Scratch adhesion test was used to assess the ability of invasion. A matrigel tube formation assay was performed to test capillary tube formation ability. The Wnt/beta-catenin pathway activation in HMBECs and RASMCs were tested by Western blot. Results: Our data suggested that astaxanthin induces angiogenesis by increasing proliferation, invasion and tube formation in vitro. Wnt and beta-catenin expression were increased by astaxanthin and counteracted by IWR-1-endo in HMBECs and RASMCs. Tube formation was increased by astaxanthin and counteracted by IWR-1-endo. Conclusions: It may be suggested that astaxanthin induces angiogenesis in vitro via a programmed Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway. (C) 2015 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.