Materials which adjust their properties in response to environmental factors such as temperature, pH and ionic strength are rapidly evolving and known as smart materials. Hydrogels formed by smart polymers have various applications. Among the smart polymers, thermoresponsive polymer poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)(PNIPAM) is very important because of its well defined structure and property specially its temperature response is closed to human body and can be finetuned as well. Mechanical properties are critical for the performance of stimuli responsive hydrogels in diverse applications. However, native PNIPAM hydrogels are very fragile and hardly useful for any practical purpose. Intense researches have been done in recent decade to enhance the mechanical features of PNIPAM hydrogel. In this review, several strategies including interpenetrating polymer network (IPN), double network (DN), nanocomposite (NC) and slide ring (SR) hydrogels are discussed in the context of PNIPAM hydrogel. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Univ Santiago de Compostela, Fac Farm, Dept Farm & Tecnol Farmaceut, Santiago De Compostela 15782, SpainUniv Santiago de Compostela, Fac Farm, Dept Farm & Tecnol Farmaceut, Santiago De Compostela 15782, Spain
Alvarez-Lorenzo, C
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Concheiro, A
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Concheiro, A
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Grinberg, NV
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Lanzhou Univ, State Key Lab Appl Organ Chem, Key Lab Nonferrous Met Chem & Resources Utilizat, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China
Lanzhou Univ, Dept Chem, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R ChinaLanzhou Univ, State Key Lab Appl Organ Chem, Key Lab Nonferrous Met Chem & Resources Utilizat, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China
Bai, Xiao
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Lu, Shaoyu
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Lanzhou Univ, State Key Lab Appl Organ Chem, Key Lab Nonferrous Met Chem & Resources Utilizat, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China
Lanzhou Univ, Dept Chem, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R ChinaLanzhou Univ, State Key Lab Appl Organ Chem, Key Lab Nonferrous Met Chem & Resources Utilizat, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China
Lu, Shaoyu
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Cao, Zhen
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Lanzhou Univ, Sch Stomatol, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R ChinaLanzhou Univ, State Key Lab Appl Organ Chem, Key Lab Nonferrous Met Chem & Resources Utilizat, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China
Cao, Zhen
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Gao, Chunmei
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Lanzhou Univ, State Key Lab Appl Organ Chem, Key Lab Nonferrous Met Chem & Resources Utilizat, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China
Lanzhou Univ, Dept Chem, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R ChinaLanzhou Univ, State Key Lab Appl Organ Chem, Key Lab Nonferrous Met Chem & Resources Utilizat, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China
Gao, Chunmei
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Duan, Haogang
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Xu, Xiubin
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Sun, Lu
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Gao, Nannan
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Lanzhou Univ, State Key Lab Appl Organ Chem, Key Lab Nonferrous Met Chem & Resources Utilizat, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China
Lanzhou Univ, Dept Chem, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R ChinaLanzhou Univ, State Key Lab Appl Organ Chem, Key Lab Nonferrous Met Chem & Resources Utilizat, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China
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Feng, Chen
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Liu, Mingzhu
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Lanzhou Univ, State Key Lab Appl Organ Chem, Key Lab Nonferrous Met Chem & Resources Utilizat, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China
Lanzhou Univ, Dept Chem, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R ChinaLanzhou Univ, State Key Lab Appl Organ Chem, Key Lab Nonferrous Met Chem & Resources Utilizat, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China
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Univ Santiago de Compostela, Fac Farm, Dept Farm & Tecnol Farmaceut, Santiago De Compostela 15782, SpainUniv Santiago de Compostela, Fac Farm, Dept Farm & Tecnol Farmaceut, Santiago De Compostela 15782, Spain
Alvarez-Lorenzo, C
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Concheiro, A
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Concheiro, A
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Dubovik, AS
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Dubovik, AS
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Grinberg, NV
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Grinberg, NV
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Burova, TV
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Burova, TV
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Grinberg, VY
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Lanzhou Univ, State Key Lab Appl Organ Chem, Key Lab Nonferrous Met Chem & Resources Utilizat, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China
Lanzhou Univ, Dept Chem, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R ChinaLanzhou Univ, State Key Lab Appl Organ Chem, Key Lab Nonferrous Met Chem & Resources Utilizat, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China
Bai, Xiao
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Lu, Shaoyu
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Lanzhou Univ, State Key Lab Appl Organ Chem, Key Lab Nonferrous Met Chem & Resources Utilizat, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China
Lanzhou Univ, Dept Chem, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R ChinaLanzhou Univ, State Key Lab Appl Organ Chem, Key Lab Nonferrous Met Chem & Resources Utilizat, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China
Lu, Shaoyu
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Cao, Zhen
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Lanzhou Univ, Sch Stomatol, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R ChinaLanzhou Univ, State Key Lab Appl Organ Chem, Key Lab Nonferrous Met Chem & Resources Utilizat, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China
Cao, Zhen
;
Gao, Chunmei
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Lanzhou Univ, State Key Lab Appl Organ Chem, Key Lab Nonferrous Met Chem & Resources Utilizat, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China
Lanzhou Univ, Dept Chem, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R ChinaLanzhou Univ, State Key Lab Appl Organ Chem, Key Lab Nonferrous Met Chem & Resources Utilizat, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China
Gao, Chunmei
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Duan, Haogang
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Lanzhou Univ, State Key Lab Appl Organ Chem, Key Lab Nonferrous Met Chem & Resources Utilizat, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China
Lanzhou Univ, Dept Chem, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R ChinaLanzhou Univ, State Key Lab Appl Organ Chem, Key Lab Nonferrous Met Chem & Resources Utilizat, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China
Duan, Haogang
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Xu, Xiubin
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Lanzhou Univ, State Key Lab Appl Organ Chem, Key Lab Nonferrous Met Chem & Resources Utilizat, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China
Lanzhou Univ, Dept Chem, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R ChinaLanzhou Univ, State Key Lab Appl Organ Chem, Key Lab Nonferrous Met Chem & Resources Utilizat, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China
Xu, Xiubin
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Sun, Lu
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Lanzhou Univ, State Key Lab Appl Organ Chem, Key Lab Nonferrous Met Chem & Resources Utilizat, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China
Lanzhou Univ, Dept Chem, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R ChinaLanzhou Univ, State Key Lab Appl Organ Chem, Key Lab Nonferrous Met Chem & Resources Utilizat, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China
Sun, Lu
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Gao, Nannan
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Lanzhou Univ, State Key Lab Appl Organ Chem, Key Lab Nonferrous Met Chem & Resources Utilizat, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China
Lanzhou Univ, Dept Chem, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R ChinaLanzhou Univ, State Key Lab Appl Organ Chem, Key Lab Nonferrous Met Chem & Resources Utilizat, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China
Gao, Nannan
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Feng, Chen
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Lanzhou Univ, State Key Lab Appl Organ Chem, Key Lab Nonferrous Met Chem & Resources Utilizat, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China
Lanzhou Univ, Dept Chem, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R ChinaLanzhou Univ, State Key Lab Appl Organ Chem, Key Lab Nonferrous Met Chem & Resources Utilizat, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China
Feng, Chen
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Liu, Mingzhu
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Lanzhou Univ, State Key Lab Appl Organ Chem, Key Lab Nonferrous Met Chem & Resources Utilizat, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China
Lanzhou Univ, Dept Chem, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R ChinaLanzhou Univ, State Key Lab Appl Organ Chem, Key Lab Nonferrous Met Chem & Resources Utilizat, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China