A comprehensive study on the mechanism behind formation and depletion of Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) phases

被引：43
作者：
Ahmad, Rameez [1 ]
Brandl, Marco [2 ]
Distaso, Monica [1 ]
Herre, Patrick [1 ,3 ]
Spiecker, Erdmann [3 ]
Hock, Rainer [2 ]
Peukert, Wolfgang [1 ]
机构：
[1] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Particle Technol, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
[2] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Chair Crystallog & Struct Phys, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
[3] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Ctr Nanoanal & Electron Microscopy CENEM, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
来源：
CRYSTENGCOMM | 2015年 / 17卷 / 36期
关键词：
POPULATION BALANCE MODEL; NANOPARTICLES; NANOCRYSTALS; SIMULATION; CHALCOCITE; DJURLEITE; GROWTH; SIZE;
D O I：
10.1039/c5ce00661a
中图分类号：
O6 [化学];
学科分类号：
0703 ;
摘要：
High efficiency kesterite based solar cells have vigorously raised the research interests in this material. The challenge lies in understanding the formation and co-existence of more than 10 possible by-products during and after the synthesis of Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) and their various different structural and electronic defects. The present contribution shows an in-depth study on the stages of formation and depletion of nanoparticulate CZTS. Employing a hot injection synthesis method, we give direct experimental evidence of the co-existence of cubic, tetragonal and defected CZTS structures and different by-products as a function of time and temperature. SEM, (HR) TEM, XRD, EDX, ICP-OES, Raman spectroscopy and UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy have been used in order to better evaluate and interpret data for crystal structures and compositions. The obtained understanding on the formation of different phases suggests 250 degrees C as the most favourable synthesis temperature. Based on our study, general strategies can be developed for controlling the amount of formed phases, the by-products and the defects in kesterite and other similar multicomponent nanoparticles as well as in bulk systems.
引用
收藏
页码：6972 / 6984
页数：13
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