Prevalence and factors associated with uncontrolled hypertension among adult hypertensive patients on follow-up at Northern Ethiopia, 2019: cross-sectional study

Introduction: uncontrolled hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular, renal, and cerebrovascular morbidities and mortalities. This study aims to assess the prevalence and factors associated with uncontrolled hypertension among adult hypertensive patients. Methods: hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted. Systematic random sampling technique was used to select 396 hypertensive patients. Respondents were interviewed and their medical charts were reviewed using pretested structured questionnaire. Bivariable logistic regression was employed to examine the crude associations between the outcome variable and determinant variables. This was followed by multivariable logistic regression analysis using those variables with P-value <= 0.25 in the bivariable analysis. Results: of the total 396 hypertensive patients the prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension was found to be 48.6%. One fourth (26.1%), 231(59.1%), 289(73.9%), and 151(38.6%) hypertensive respondents were non adherent to anti-hypertensive medication, physical exercise, low salt diet, and weight management respectively. Age >= 50 years old (AOR = 2.33, 95%CI: 1.25, 4.35), non-adherence to anti-hypertensive medication, (AOR = 1.82 95%CI: 1.08, 3.04), non-adherence to physical exercise (AOR = 1.79 95%CI: 1.13, 2.83), non-adherence to low-salt diet (AOR = 1.98 95%CI: 1.18,3.31), and non-adherence to weight management (AOR = 2.06, 95%CI: 1.31, 3.23) were significantly associated with uncontrolled hypertension. Conclusion: the prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension was high. Older hypertensive patients, non-adherent to their medications, physical inactivity, non-adherent to low salt diet and non-adherent to weight management were more likely to have uncontrolled hypertension. Therefore, more effort should be dedicated to those identified modifiable risk factors to maximize blood pressure control.