Uncertainty evaluation for dynamic measurements modelled by a linear time-invariant system

Evaluation of measurement uncertainty is considered when the value of the measurand depends on the continuous variable time. A concept of dynamic measurement uncertainty is introduced by generalizing the GUM approach. The concept is applied to linear and time-invariant systems which are often appropriate to model dynamic measurements. Digital filtering is proposed for estimating the time-dependent value of the measurand and the design of an appropriate FIR filter is described. Dynamic uncertainty evaluation is then carried out for this analysis and conditions are specified for its proper use. The approach is illustrated for the particular example of a second-order model. It is shown in terms of simulations that the proposed analysis yields significantly improved results when compared with the sometimes applied quasi-static treatment.