What are "effective" pedagogical practices? From the perspectives of 21st century student learning

Over the years, a question has been risen as to "What are effective pedagogical practices?". This question has been controversial in the field of education. In this paper, we present a theoretical synthesis of the specialized literature in the field of learning and teaching. In doing so, we seek to examine what effective pedagogical practices are, particularly from the perspectives of 21st century student learning. A discussion of the question of whether student-centred methods is more or less effective than traditional approaches is also presented. Our paper brought important messages for policy makers, curriculum designers, educational researchers and teachers when they review, evaluate and rethink pedagogical practices at school.