Evaluation of creep, shrinkage and modulus of elasticity models for high strength concrete

In the literature and codes of practice, various equations are recommended for calculating typical material properties of compressive strength, elastic modulus, shrinkage strain and creep coefficient of concrete. The various equations are reported to give significantly different estimates leading to great uncertainty, particularly when estimating axial shortening of vertical concrete elements such as columns, cores and walls in a tall building that typically utilises high strength concrete. The main aim of this paper is to evaluate the various equations from relevant concrete codes and literature used to estimate the material properties of both normal strength concrete (NSC) and high strength concrete (HSC). Selected prediction equations are also compared to recent laboratory results from site delivered HSC.