Two-liquid hanging-drop vapor-diffusion technique of protein crystallization

A new method of protein crystallization, the two-liquid hanging-drop vapor-diffusion technique including the double-hanging-drop and the sandwiched-hanging-drop techniques, has been developed. This method uses a very dense insoluble liquid in a traditional hanging-drop technique. The double-hanging-drop vapor-diffusion technique enables us to remove the crystals easily without causing mechanical damage. In the sandwiched-hanging-drop technique, the vapor diffusion rate can be altered, which is a useful method for screening protein crystal growth conditions.