Silver Iodide Formation in Methyl Ammonium Lead Iodide Perovskite Solar Cells with Silver Top Electrodes

被引:715
作者
Kato, Yuichi [1 ,2 ]
Ono, Luis K. [1 ,2 ]
Lee, Michael V. [1 ,2 ]
Wang, Shenghao [1 ,2 ]
Raga, Sonia R. [1 ,2 ]
Qi, Yabing [1 ,2 ]
机构
[1] Okinawa Inst Sci, Energy Mat & Surface Sci Unit EMSS, Onna Son, Okinawa 9040495, Japan
[2] Technol Grad Univ OIST, Onna Son, Okinawa 9040495, Japan
关键词
perovskite solar cells; silver; X-ray diffraction; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; INORGANIC HOLE CONDUCTOR; X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON; SEQUENTIAL DEPOSITION; SENSITIZED TIO2; EFFICIENT; PERFORMANCE; LIGHT; CH3NH3PBI3; AGI; CRYSTALLIZATION;
D O I
10.1002/admi.201500195
中图分类号
O6 [化学];
学科分类号
0703 ;
摘要
Silver is a low-cost candidate electrode material for perovskite solar cells. However, in such cells the silver electrodes turn yellow within days of device fabrication. The color change is also accompanied by a dramatic decrease in the power conversion efficiency when compared to otherwise identical devices using gold electrodes. Here, it is shown that the color change results from silver oxidation to silver iodide, due to a reaction with iodine in methyl ammonium lead perovskite. The change in X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is discussed. Exposure to air accelerates corrosion of the Ag electrodes when compared to dry nitrogen gas exposure. However, iodine not reacted with silver is observed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy even for the perovskite solar cell kept in dry nitrogen gas. It is proposed that silver iodide is formed when methyl ammonium iodide migration is facilitated by the small pinholes in the hole transport layer spiro-MeOTAD.
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页数:6
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ADVANCED MATERIALS, 2014, 26 (37) :6454-6460