The acute orbit: Etiology, diagnosis, and therapy

Purpose: Extension of dental abscesses to distant areas of the head and neck has been repeatedly reported in the medical literature. Subsequent involvement of the orbit still remains a rarity, resulting in protracted onset of therapy because of inaccurate diagnosis. Considering the possible lasting damage that can result from insufficient therapy, like blindness or even death, the need to extensively educate practicing physicians becomes evident. Materials and Methods: With the help of a comprehensive review of the medical literature underlined with a clinical case, the etiology, diagnosis, and therapy of the acute orbit are highlighted with emphasis on the new imaging modalities as well as the broad spectrum antibiotics currently available on the market. Results: Orbital infections of odontogenic origin are the rarest sequelae, with a prevalence of 1.3%. Correct diagnosis, adequate antibiotic therapy, and surgical drainage are the keys to success. Conclusion: The acute orbit continues to be a medical challenge. With the proposed diagnostic and therapy guidelines, this affliction can be identified and contained with a high degree of certainty. (c) 2006 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.