Oxidative Stress in Alopecia Areata: A Case-Control Study

Background Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation are seen in many dermatologic disorders, including atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, vitiligo, acne vulgaris, pemphigus vulgaris, and lichen planus. In alopecia areata (AA), there is increased production of ROS from perifollicular inflammatory cells. Objective The aim of this study was to determine the oxidative stress index (OSI) and lipid peroxidation by studying serum total oxidant capacity (TOC), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and malondialdehyde (MDA) values in AA patients. Methods The study included 35 AA patients and a control group consisting of 30 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers. The serum TOC, TAC, and MDA values were measured, and the OSIs were calculated and compared in both groups. Results The mean serum TOC (p < 0.001), MDA (p < 0.001), and OSI (p < 0.001) values were found to be significantly higher in AA patients than in the control group. The mean serum TAC value was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in cases than in controls. Significantly higher MDA (p < 0.001), TOC (p < 0.001), and OSI values (p < 0.001) and lower TAC values (p < 0.01) were found in severe AA than in mild or moderate AA. Conclusion The demonstrated results confirmed the presence of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in AA. Whether these changes play a role in disease pathogenesis or result from the inflammatory process requires further investigation.