Transfusion-Transmitted Malaria in Ghana

被引:40
作者
Owusu-Ofori, Alex K. [1 ]
Betson, Martha [2 ]
Parry, Christopher M. [3 ]
Stothard, J. Russell [4 ]
Bates, Imelda [4 ]
机构
[1] Komfo Anokye Teaching Hosp, Dept Clin Microbiol, Kumasi, Ghana
[2] Royal Vet Coll, Dept Prod & Populat Hlth, Hertford, England
[3] Angkor Hosp Children, Mahidol Oxford Trop Med Res Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Siem Reap, Cambodia
[4] Univ Liverpool Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Dis Control Strategy Grp, Liverpool, Merseyside, England
关键词
Transfusion-transmitted malaria; blood transfusion; screening; Plasmodium falciparum; blood donor; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; BLOOD-TRANSFUSION; PCR; INFECTIONS; DIAGNOSIS; TESTS; TRANSMISSION; ACCURACY; VIVAX;
D O I
10.1093/cid/cit130
中图分类号
R392 [医学免疫学]; Q939.91 [免疫学];
学科分类号
100102 ;
摘要
Background. In sub-Saharan Africa, the prevalence of malaria parasitemia in blood donors varies from 0.6% to 50%. Although the burden of TTM in malaria-endemic countries is unknown, it is recommended that all donated blood is screened for malaria parasites. This study aimed to establish the incidence of TTM and identify a suitable screening test. Methods. Pregnant women, children, and immunocompromised malaria-negative transfusion recipients in a teaching hospital in Ghana were recruited over the course of 1 year. Parasites detected in recipients within 14 days of the transfusion were genotyped and compared to parasites in the transfused blood. The presence of genotypically identical parasites in the recipient and the transfused blood confirmed transfusion-transmitted malaria. Four malaria screening tests were compared to assess their usefulness in the context of African blood banks. Results. Of the 50 patients who received transfusions that were positive for Plasmodium falciparum by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), 7 recipients developed PCR-detectable parasitemia. In only 1 of the 50 recipients (2%) was the parasite identical to that in the transfused blood. The prevalence of P. falciparum malaria in transfused blood was 4.7% (21/445) by microscopy, 13.7% (60/440) by rapid diagnostic test, 18% (78/436) by PCR, and 22.2% (98/442) by enzyme immunoassay. Conclusions. Although malaria parasites are commonly detected in blood donors in malaria-endemic areas, transfusion-transmitted malaria occurs infrequently. Policies recommend screening blood donors for malaria, but none of the commonly used methods is sufficiently sensitive to be used by blood banks in malaria-endemic countries.
引用
收藏
页码:1735 / 1741
页数:7
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