Combined exposure to formaldehyde and PM2.5: Hematopoietic toxicity and molecular mechanism in mice

被引:40
作者
Ge, Jing [1 ,4 ]
Yang, Honglian [3 ]
Lu, Xianxian [1 ]
Wang, Shenqi [4 ]
Zhao, Yun [1 ]
Huang, Jiawei [1 ]
Xi, Zhuge [3 ]
Zhang, Luoping [2 ]
Li, Rui [1 ]
机构
[1] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Hubei Key Lab Genet Regulat & Integrat Biol, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China
[2] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
[3] Tianjin Inst Environm & Operat Med, Tianjin 300050, Peoples R China
[4] Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Coll Life Sci & Technol, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China
关键词
PM2.5; Formaldehyde; Combined exposure; Hematopoietic toxicity; Molecular mechanism; NF-KAPPA-B; OXIDATIVE DNA-DAMAGE; BONE-MARROW; INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE; PARTICULATE MATTER; AIR-POLLUTION; AMBIENT PM2.5; IN-VITRO; LEUKEMIA; CELLS;
D O I
10.1016/j.envint.2020.106050
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
PM2.5 and formaldehyde (FA) are major outdoor and indoor air pollutants in China, respectively, and both are known to be harmful to human health and to be carcinogenic. Of all the known chronic health effects, leukaemia is one of the most serious health risks associated with these two pollutants. To explore the influence and underlying mechanisms of exposure to formaldehyde and PM2.5 on hematopoietic toxicity, we systematically studied the toxicity induced in hematopoietic organs: bone marrow (BM); spleen; and myeloid progenitor cells (MPCs). Male Balb/c mice were exposed to: PM2.5 (20, 160 mu g/kg.d) at a dose of 40 mu L per mouse or formaldehyde (0.5, 3.0 mg/m(3)) for 8 h per day for 2 weeks or co-exposed to formaldehyde and PM2.5 (20 mu g/kg.d PM2.5 + 0.5 mg/m(3) FA, 20 mu g/kg.d PM2.5 + 3 mg/m(3) FA, 160 mu g/kg.d PM2.5 + 0.5 mg/m(3) FA, 160 mu g/kg.d PM2.5 + 3 mg/m(3) FA) for 2 weeks. Similar toxic effects were found in the formaldehyde-only and PM2.5-only groups, including significant decrease of blood cells and MPCs, along with decreased expression of hematopoietic growth factors. In addition, individual exposure of formaldehyde or PM2.5 increased oxidative stress, DNA damage and immune system disorder by destroying the balance of Th1/Th2, and Treg/Th17. DNA repair was markedly inhibited by deregulating the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. Combined exposure to PM2.5 and formaldehyde led to more severe effects. Administration of Vitamin E (VE) was shown to attenuate these effects. In conclusion, our findings suggested that PM2.5 and formaldehyde may induce hematopoietic toxicity by reducing the expression of hematopoietic growth factors, increasing oxidative stress and DNA damage, activating the 'immune imbalance' pathway and suppressing the DNA-repair related mTOR pathway. The hematopoietic toxicity induced by combined exposure of PM2.5 and formaldehyde might provide further insights into the increased incidence of hematological diseases, including human myeloid leukaemia.
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页数:14
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