Effects of erythromycin and sulfamethoxazole on Microcystis aeruginosa: Cytotoxic endpoints, production and release of microcystin-LR

被引:64
作者
Zhang, Mingchen [1 ,2 ]
Steinman, Alan D. [3 ]
Xue, Qingju [1 ]
Zhao, Yanyan [1 ]
Xu, Yan [2 ]
Xie, Liqiang [1 ]
机构
[1] Chinese Acad Sci, Nanjing Inst Geog & Limnol, State Key Lab Lake Sci & Environm, 73 East Beijing Rd, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China
[2] Southeast Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Dept Municipal Engn, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, Peoples R China
[3] Grand Valley State Univ, Annis Water Resources Inst, 740 West Shoreline Dr, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA
基金
中国国家自然科学基金;
关键词
Antibiotics toxicity; Microcystis aeruginosa; Flow cytometry; Microcystins; Cell membrane properties; CHLOROPHYLL-A FLUORESCENCE; PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; FRESH-WATER; CYANOBACTERIAL BLOOMS; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; OXIDATIVE STRESS; CELL INTEGRITY; CHLAMYDOMONAS-REINHARDTII; ANTIOXIDANT SYSTEM; METABOLIC-ACTIVITY;
D O I
10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123021
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Antibiotics can cause severe ecological problems for aquatic ecosystems due to their wide use and incomplete removal. Microcystis aeruginosa was exposed to different levels of erythromycin (ERY) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) separately to assess their cytotoxic effects on harmful cyanobacteria. The production and release of the toxin MC-LR was measured, and several endpoints were investigated using flow cytometry (FCM) for 7 d. ERY resulted in cell membrane hyperpolarization and a hormesis effect on growth rate and chlorophyll a fluorescence at environmentally relevant concentrations (0.5 and 5 mu g/L). Microcystis exhibited elevated photosynthesis and hyperpolarization at 50 and 125 mu g/L of SMX. An increase of metabolically non-active cells was observed in either ERY or SMX cultures while stimulation of esterase activity was also found at 7 d. ERY and SMX caused damage of membrane integrity due to the overproduction of ROS, which led to increased release of MC-LR. MC-LR production apparently was induced by ERY (0.5-500 mu g/L) and SMX (50 and 125 mu g/L). In conclusion, ERY and SMX can disrupt the physiological status of Microcystis cells and stimulate the production and release of MC-LR, which can exacerbate potential risks to water systems.
引用
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页数:10
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