Higher serum lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 in patients with stable coronary artery disease is associated with major adverse cardiovascular events: A multicentre pilot study

Introduction: Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) is involved in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Circulating soluble LOX-1 (sLOX-1) has been linked to the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). Our aim was to test if baseline serum sLOX-1 was associated with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with stable CAD. Materials and methods: This multicentre pilot study enrolled 833 stable CAD patients. All patients were followed for two years. Serum sLOX-1 concentrations were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The association between sLOX-1 concentrations and MACE was assessed by logistic regression, Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox proportional hazards analyses. Logistic regression analysis was employed to assess the predictors of complex lesion. Results: Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that sLOX-1 concentration was an independent predictor of MACE (OR 2.07, 95% CI 1.52 - 2.82; P < 0.001). Kaplan-Meier cumulative survival curves showed that the incidence of MACE in patients with a high sLOX-1 concentration was significantly higher than in patients with an intermediate or low sLOX-1 concentration (P < 0.001). Soluble LOX-1 concentrations were independently correlated with coronary complex lesions (OR 2.32, 95% CI 1.81 - 2.97; P < 0.001). Conclusions: Baseline sLOX-1 concentrations were correlated with 2-year MACE in stable CAD patients. Furthermore, patients with high serum sLOX-1 concentrations had higher cumulative incidence of MACE compared to those with low serum sLOX-1 concentrations.