Cosmetic bilateral leg lengthening using intramedullary nail experience of 9 cases

Background: Distraction osteogenesis to correct deformity and limb-length discrepancy was defined by Ilizarov. Traditional distraction osteogenesis was made with circular external fixators or monolateral fixators commonly for deformity, and external fixators was related with pin site infections and pain due to soft-tissue transfixation. Nowadays, bone lengthening method is used with different intramedullary nail systems for cosmetic purposes. Methods: From 2011 until 2018, a total of 9 patients (6 males and 3 females:16 femoral, 2 tibial), with constitutional short stature, to whom the intramedullary nail lengthening technique for cosmetic purposes had been applied, were retrospectively reviewed. The mean age was 28.3 while the mean height before the lengthening was 151 cm. Result: The mean lengthening gained in all patients were 8.7 cm. The mean follow-up period was 22 +/- 11 months while the healing index with normal bone healing was 46.8 +/- 16 months/cm. Complications that we noted were; insufficient bone regeneration (n = 2), quadriceps contracture (n = 1), proximal locking screw runaway (n = 1). Conclusion: Bone lengthening for aesthetic purposes with different nail systems can be very safe and beneficial to the patients improving their social capabilities and self-confidence. Yet, patients should be well informed about the complications and risks of the lengthening surgery.