A Review of Long-term EEG Monitoring in Critically Ill Children With Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy, Congenital Heart Disease, ECMO, and Stroke

Continuous EEG monitoring is being used with increasing frequency in critically ill children with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, congenital heart disease, stroke, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). The primary indication for EEG monitoring is to identify electrographic seizures and electrographic status epilepticus, which have been associated with worse outcome in some populations. A secondary indication is to provide prognostic information. This review summarizes the available data regarding continuous EEG monitoring in critically ill children with special attention to hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, congenital heart disease, stroke, and children undergoing ECMO.