Free markets and foreclosures: An examination of contradictions in neoliberal urbanization in Houston, Texas

Houston, Texas did not experience significant housing price increases during the national bubble in the early 2000s and its foreclosure rate remained comparatively low when the bubble burst in 2006. Free market advocates have proclaimed Houston a paragon of the "free enterprise" city and point to economic success and a relatively stable housing market as validation of a laissez-faire approach to local development. But this study relocates local practice within the contradictory and uneven processes of neoliberal restructuring in recent decades through examination of broader factors in Houston's development outcomes which problematize free market rhetoric. Despite neoliberal repudiation of state intervention, for example, "free market" Houston has been heavily reliant on the federally subsidized oil industry and on the local state for protection from market externalities, like housing price instability and foreclosures. This study, thus, assesses the role of the state and other factors in neoliberal urbanization operating beyond and intersecting with idiosyncratic local practice. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.