This study evaluates a treatment system centered on forward osmosis (FO) to extract high-quality water from real brackish groundwater and wastewater. The groundwater had salinity of 4g/L, while the wastewater sample consisted of a secondary effluent. These feed solutions were treated first in a FO step, achieving a recovery of >60%. Subsequently, the diluted draw solutions were subject to a nanofiltration (NF) step to regenerate their original osmotic pressure and to simultaneously collect a final permeate product. Magnesium chloride and sodium sulfate were both suitable draw solutes for this application. MgCl2 had a larger specific reverse salt flux and induced a more pronounced fouling-related flux decline with groundwater samples. Na2SO4 was re-concentrated with a higher permeability NF membrane but may require the use of anti-scalants. The average fluxes obtained in high-recovery batch FO were between 5 and 11 L m(-2)h(-1) with an initial bulk draw osmotic pressure in the range of 12-15 bar. Relatively low flux decline was observed in fouling experiments with both samples, while physical cleaning proved promising to recover the related loss in productivity. The final product waters were all of very high quality, suggesting the potential of this coupled system for water reuse and desalination. Some challenges related to the relatively low water flux in the FO step, as well as the loss of draw solutes and the gradual change in composition of the draw solution, need further analysis to establish the technical and economic feasibility of the system. (C) 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
机构:
Korea Res Inst Chem Technol, Adv Mat Div, Membrane Res Ctr, Daejeon 34114, South Korea
Gwangju Inst Sci & Technol, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Engn, Gwangju 61005, South KoreaGwangju Inst Sci & Technol, Res Inst Solar & Sustainable Energies, Gwangju 61005, South Korea
Lim, Seung Ji
Park, Hosik
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Korea Res Inst Chem Technol, Adv Mat Div, Membrane Res Ctr, Daejeon 34114, South KoreaGwangju Inst Sci & Technol, Res Inst Solar & Sustainable Energies, Gwangju 61005, South Korea
Park, Hosik
Kim, Joon Ha
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Korea Res Inst Chem Technol, Adv Mat Div, Membrane Res Ctr, Daejeon 34114, South Korea
Gwangju Inst Sci & Technol, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Engn, Gwangju 61005, South KoreaGwangju Inst Sci & Technol, Res Inst Solar & Sustainable Energies, Gwangju 61005, South Korea
机构:
Euro-Mediterranean University of Fès (UEMF), Fez
Laboratoires d’Analyze et Synthèse des Procédés industriels, Ecole Mohammadia d’Ingénieurs, Université Mohamed V de Rabat, Agdal RabatEuro-Mediterranean University of Fès (UEMF), Fez
Chaoui I.
Abderafi S.
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Laboratoires d’Analyze et Synthèse des Procédés industriels, Ecole Mohammadia d’Ingénieurs, Université Mohamed V de Rabat, Agdal RabatEuro-Mediterranean University of Fès (UEMF), Fez
Abderafi S.
Vaudreuil S.
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Euro-Mediterranean University of Fès (UEMF), FezEuro-Mediterranean University of Fès (UEMF), Fez
Vaudreuil S.
Bounahmidi T.
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Euro-Mediterranean University of Fès (UEMF), Fez
Laboratoires d’Analyze et Synthèse des Procédés industriels, Ecole Mohammadia d’Ingénieurs, Université Mohamed V de Rabat, Agdal RabatEuro-Mediterranean University of Fès (UEMF), Fez