The aim of this article is to introduce luminescence dating and relate it to luminescence and Raman spectroscopy of minerals. The physical bases of luminescence signals used in dating and their relationships to other radiation-induced luminescence and Raman signals are briefly reviewed. The manner in which these signals are applied to evaluate luminescence ages is described. Archaeological and geological case studies from the author's experience are used to illustrate potentialities and issues related to different contexts, techniques, and materials.